The River Torrens was known as the Karrawirra Pari (Red Gum forest river). Kaurna country encompassed the plains which stretched north and south of Tarntanya as well as the wooded foothills of the Mt Lofty Ranges. The surrounding area was an open grassy plain with patches of trees and shrub which had been managed by hundreds of generations. The city and parklands area was known as Tarntanya, Tandanya (now the short name of Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute), Tarndanya, or Tarndanyangga (now the dual name for Victoria Square) in the Kaurna language. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevards of North Terrace and King William Street.Īpproximate extent of Kaurna territory, based on the description by Amery (2000)īefore its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the Indigenous Kaurna people, one of many Aboriginal nations in South Australia. Īs South Australia's government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Adelaide's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century, at one stage being named Australia's most liveable city. Today, Adelaide is known by its many festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its coastline and hills, and its large defence and manufacturing sectors. It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms, and became known as the "City of Churches" due to its diversity of faiths. Until the post-war era, it was Australia's third most populated city.
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Light's design, now listed as national heritage, set out the city centre in a grid layout known as " Light's Vision", interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parklands.Įarly colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers, in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities. Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens. Named in honour of Queen Adelaide, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia. Its metropolitan area extends 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches 96 km (60 mi) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south. Īdelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. The area of the city centre is called Tarndanya in the Kaurna language. The Traditional Owners of the Adelaide region are the Kaurna people. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre.
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